We study the organization and function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC),
​nucleus accumbens (NAc), higher-order thalamus, and related brain regions.

Long-range circuits
How do the PFC, NAc, and thalamus process their diverse long-range inputs? How do different types of afferents contact and drive specific populations of excitatory and inhibitory cells? We study these networks using a combination of slice electrophysiology, 2-photon microscopy, and optogenetics.

Projection neurons in PFC

Local circuits
How do different cell types communicate with each other in local circuits? How do interneurons contact and inhibit projection neurons to shape dynamics? We study networks with electrophysiology and optogenetics, taking advantage of transgenics and viruses to target specific populations of cells.

BLA and cPFC inputs to PFC

Neuromodulation
Which dopamine and other receptors are expressed by excitatory and inhibitory cells? How do modulators influence intrinsic and synaptic properties to shape activity? We engage specific modulatory pathways with conditional optogenetics, and assess receptors with selective pharmacology.

D1+ and D2+ MSNs in NAc

Experience-dependent plasticity
How are local and long-range circuits rewired by rewarding and aversive experiences? ​How does synaptic plasticity vary with cell types and synapses? We use freely moving behavior followed by slice experiments to study how exposure to drugs of abuse and threat-related conditioning rewire specific networks.

Movement in open field

Motivated behavior
How are different types of neurons, connections, and networks engaged by rewarding and aversive stimuli? How are these functional responses affected by the level of arousal and ongoing neuromodulation? We assess the function of circuits by combining in vivo optogenetics with 2-photon microscopy, photometry, and silicon probe recordings. ​